So, in this article, we have seen what is it along with its types of advantages and disadvantages. This has been a guide to Manual Testing. Here we discuss the basic concept, types, tools, differences between manual and automation testing, advantages, and disadvantages. You can also go through our given articles to learn more —. Submit Next Question. By signing up, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Forgot Password? This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy. Manual Testing is a type of software testing in which test cases are executed manually by a tester without using any automated tools.
The purpose of Manual Testing is to identify the bugs, issues, and defects in the software application. Manual software testing is the most primitive technique of all testing types and it helps to find critical bugs in the software application. Any new application must be manually tested before its testing can be automated.
Manual Software Testing requires more effort but is necessary to check automation feasibility. Manual Testing concepts does not require knowledge of any testing tool. This makes Manual Testing imperative. In this Manual Testing tutorial for beginners, we cover all manual testing concepts and topics in detail. The key concept of manual testing is to ensure that the application is error free and it is working in conformance to the specified functional requirements.
It also makes sure that reported defects are fixed by developers and re-testing has been performed by testers on the fixed defects. Authorization Testing b. Access Control Authentication Testing c. Authorization Testing: In Authorization Testing, test engineers are validating that whether our application build is allowing valid users and is preventing invalid users or not? Access control Testing: In Access Control Testing, test engineers are validating permissions of users to utilize our application build services.
During this test, test engineers are finding peek limit of data handled by our application build. Ms-Access technology database are supported 2 GB database as maximum 7. Load Testing: Load means that the numbers of con-current users, which are accessing our application, build.
The execution of our application build on customer expected configuration and customer expected load to estimate performance is called Load Testing. Stress Testing: The execution of our application build under customer expected configuration and various loads levels to estimate stability is called Stress Testing. This testing is applicable to software products only. User Acceptance Testing: After completion of system testing and bugs resolving, the project management is concentrating on User Acceptance Testing to collect feedback from Real Customers or Model customers.
There are two ways to conduct User Acceptance Testing. Maintenance or Support: Project Management is defining the release team along with few developer, few test engineers and few hardware engineers. During this test release team is observing below factors. During Utilization of that software, customer site people are sending change request to our organization.
The responsible team in your organization is handling the change request to provide service to customer site. This responsible team is also known as Change Control Board C.
Change Request C. Time Problem, skills, lack of time, lack of knowledge, lack of resources, lack of documentation……. Monkey Testing: During this style of testing, testing people are concentrating on main activities of software due to lack of time for testing.
This style of testing is also known as champagne Testing or Random Testing 2. Buddy Testing: In this style of testing, test engineers is grouping with developer to conduct testing while coding due to lack of time for testing. Buddy means a programmer and a tester as a group.
Exploratory Testing: Generally the testing team is conducting system testing depending on functional and system requirement in SRS. If the SRS is not giving the complete information about requirementsthen test engineers are depending on past experience, discussions with other similar projects, browsing ….
This style of testing is also calling as exploratory testing. This style of testing is also called pair testing.
Be-Bugging: In this model development people areadding known bugs in to coding and releasing to testing team. This type of defect seeding or feeding is useful to estimate of testing people. It is also known as defect seeding or defect feeding. Test Strategy: It is a document and it defines the requiredtesting approach to be followed by testing people.
Test Plan: It is a document and it provides work allocation in terms of schedule 3. Test Case: It defines a test condition to validate functionality in terms of completeness and correctness.
This mistake found by test engineer during testing, called defect or issue. This defect reviewed and accepted by development team resolved, called bugs. Generally the test engineers are repeating the test on same application build with multiple input values. This type of repetition is called Re-Testing. Regression Testing: The re-execution of selected test cases on modified build to ensure bug fix work with out any side effects is called Regression Testing.
System Test Initiation: Generally the every organization system testing process is starting with test initiation. In this phase project manager or Test Manager are preparing test strategy document. This document defines required testing approaches to be followed by testing components in test strategy.
Components in Test Strategy: 1. Scope and objective: The importance of testing and their milestones 2. Test Approach: selected list of test factors or test issues to be applied by testing team on corresponding software build. This selection is depending on requirements in that software, scope of that requirements and the risks involved in that project testing 4.
Risks and Assumptions: The expected list of problems and their solutions to overcome. Change and Configuration Management: Managing the development and testing deliverables for future reference 19 Naga Durga Rao Koya nagkoya gmail. Training Plan: The required no. Test Deliverables: Names of test documents to be prepared by testing team during testing.
Test plan, test cases, test log, defect reports, and summary reports. To test every topic in our project. Testing team is following a set of testing techniques. Case Study: Test Factors 15 -4 w. Test Planning: After completion of test strategy finalization, the test lead category people are developing test-planned documents. In this stage the test lead category people are preparing system test plan and divide that plan in to module test plans.
Testing Team Formation: Generally the test-planning task is starting with testing team formation. I, Robots, Satellites — 12 to 15 months of system testing b. Identify Tactical Risks: After completion of testing team formation, test lead is concentrating on the risks analysis and assumptions w. Prepare Test Plan: After completion of testing team formation and risks analysis, test lead is concentration on test plan document preparation. Test Plan ID: The title of test plan documents for future reference 2.
Introduction: About Project 3. Test Items: List of modules in our project 4. Features to be tested: List of modules or functions to be tested 5. Feature not to be tested: List of modules, which are already tested in previous version testing.
Approach: List of testing techniques to be applied on above selected Modules 7. Test deliverables: Required testing documents to be prepared by test engineer 8. Responsibilities: The mapping in between the namesof test engineers and the requirements in our project.
Approvals: Signatures of P. Review Test Plan: After completion of test plan documents preparation, test lead is conducting a review meeting to estimate completeness and correctness of that document.
In this review meeting the selected testing team members that project are also involving. Generally the selected test engi eers are starting testing job with n the test design in every project. In this test design every test is studying all requirements of the project and preparing test cases for selected requirements only w. In this test design, test engineers are using three types of test case design methods to prepare test cases for responsible requirements.
The every test case is self- standing and self-cleaning to improve understandability in test design, test engineers 24 Naga Durga Rao Koya nagkoya gmail. The every test case is traceable with requirement in your project 1.
D Execution. In this type of test case writing, test engineers are following below approach. Approach For Writing Test Cases: 1. Step 1: Collect functional and system specifications for responsible requirements modules 2. Step 2: Select one specification from that list 2. Identify entry point start 2. Identify inputs required 2. Study normal flow 2. Identify exit point End 2. Step 3: Prepare test case titles or test scenarios 4.
Step 4. Review the test case titles for completeness and correctness 5. Step 5: Prepare complete documents for every test case title 6. Step 6. Go to step 2 until all specifications study and test cases writing Functional Specification: 1 A login process allows user id and password to authorize users.
User id is taking alpha numeric in lower case from 4 to 16 characters long. The password is taking alphabets in lowercase from 4 to 8 characters long. The age value should be greater than 16 years and should be less than 80 years. In this purchase order our system is allowing user to select item no. In this application users are filling below fields to connect to bank server. The developer fixed the defects and handed it to the tester for retesting.
Manual testing is mandatory for every newly developed software before automated testing. This testing requires great efforts and time, but it gives the surety of bug-free software. Manual Testing requires knowledge of manual testing techniques but not of any automated testing tool. Whenever an application comes into the market, and it is unstable or having a bug or issues or creating a problem while end-users are using it.
If we don't want to face these kinds of problems, we need to perform one round of testing to make the application bug free and stable and deliver a quality product to the client, because if the application is bug free, the end-user will use the application more conveniently.
There are various methods used for manual testing. Each technique is used according to its testing criteria. Types of manual testing are given below:. The white box testing is done by Developer, where they check every line of a code before giving it to the Test Engineer. Since the code is visible for the Developer during the testing, that's why it is also known as White box testing. In this, the code is not visible while performing the testing; that's why it is known as black-box testing.
Gray box testing is a combination of white box and Black box testing. It can be performed by a person who knew both coding and testing. And if the single person performs white box, as well as black-box testing for the application, is known as Gray box testing.
The main job of the build team is to create the application or the Build and converting the high-level language into low-level language. It is software, which is used to convert the code into application format. And it consists of some set of features and bug fixes that are handed over to the test engineer for testing purposes until it becomes stable. The developer is decided how many bugs he can fix according to their time.
And the test engineer is decided, which bug should be fixed first according to their needs because the test engineers cannot afford to stop testing. And the test engineer getting the mail, they can only know that which bug is fixed by the list of the bug fixes.
The time will increase because at the first Build, and developers should write the code in the different features. The bugs found in one build and can be fixed any of the future Build, which depends on the test engineer's requirement. Each new Build is the modified version of the old one, and these modifications could be the bug fixes or adding some new features.
In the beginning, we used to get weekly builds, but in the latest stage of testing, when the application was getting stable, we used to get the new Build once in 3 days, two days, or a daily basis as well. Generally, we understand the bug fixes only after the test cycle is completed, or the collection of bugs is fixed in one build, and handover in the next builds. In manual testing, different types of testing like unit, integration, security, performance, and bug tracking, we have various tools such as Jira , Bugzilla , Mantis, Zap, NUnit, Tessy, LoadRunner, Citrus, SonarQube, etc.
Some of the tools are open-source, and some are commercial. It is most commonly used performance testing tools. LoadRunner is mainly used to support performance testing for the wide range of procedures, number of approaches, and application environments. The main purpose of executing the LoadRunner tool is to classify the most common sources of performance issues quickly.
Citrus is an integration testing tool, which is the most commonly used test framework. It is written in Java programming language. ZAP is an open-source web application security scanner. It is stands for Zed Attack Proxy. Just like some other tools, it is also written in the JAVA programming language. NUnit is one of the most frequently used unit testing tools.
It is an open-source tool and primarily derived from the JUnit. It was completely written in the C programming language and suitable for all. Net languages. In other words, we can say that the NUnit tool is entirely redesigned to become the advantage of many. Net language qualities. For example:. The most regularly used bug tracking tool is JIRA , which is an open-source tool.
It is used for bug tracking, project management, and issue tracking. In this tool, we can easily track all kinds of bugs or defects related to the software and produced by the test engineers. Another testing tool of manual testing is SonarQube, which improves our workflow with continuous code quality and code security.
It is flexible with the use of plug-ins. It is completely written in the JAVA programming language. It offers fully automated evaluation and integration with Ant, Maven, Gradle, MSBuild, and constant integration tools.
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